The Sniper Essay - 933 Words

The Sniper The Sniper places a strong emphasis on the evils of war, and yet paints a vivid image of mankinds qualities and their society. Employing the technique of describing one particular sniper to symbolise a general subject, readers are able to gain a deep insight into the evils of war. In this story, the assembly of setting, contrasting characters and themes of fanaticism and division of loyalties are vital to conveying the horror of war. On the other hand, The Sniper also discusses the power of war, depicting it as the decider of life and death for men. Its force is further emphasised when neighbours are turned into enemies under wars influence. The setting of the story, Dublin, has been written in such a way that only†¦show more content†¦Characters in  ¡Ã‚ §The Sniper ¡Ã‚ ¨ are limited in terms of type and variety to show that war brings out only people who possesses a passion to kill and have the courage to be killed. The story focuses on only one sniper and we, the readers use the incident from his point of view. The only characters that are mentioned are the sniper, another sniper, his enemy and an old woman. Apart from the old woman, all other characters are men who represent figures of war and are present to do nothing but kill. They are seekers of death and bring about a web of deaths. The manner in which these men  ¡Ã‚ §reign ¡Ã‚ ¨ over the city by killing, and that ordinary dwellers are imprisoned within their homes for fear of death shows the evil impacts of war. The theme of death and violence is another important segment in indicating the evils of war. Each individual is engaged in killing their enemies and struggling for their own lives. As seen through the view of the sniper, the people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives are centred around killing and death. Lifestyle, even to the extent of lighting a cigarette becomes risky and could lead to death. Citizens are forced to be locked in their homes for fear of being shot. The incident, where an old woman is hot by the sniper, who is then injured by his enemy is an example of war ¡Ã‚ ¦s destructive nature. The loss of innocentShow MoreRelatedThe Sniper Response Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Sniper†, is an action thriller about a sniper in the Irish republic, a man who is fighting for freedom, or, as stated in the story, â€Å"A man who is used to looking into the eyes death†(O’Flaharty 1). He is fighting for his life, this is life or death, little did he know who was fighting o n the other side. This story is very suspenseful, and I will tell you what makes suspense so intriguing to us readers. Tired, weak, and weary, the sniper lays atop the parapet, it is nighttime, suspense at thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie American Sniper 1641 Words   |  7 Pageshorrors of terrorism on 9/11 he was ready to fight for his country and enlisted into the military. 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As demonstrated by hisRead MoreThe Greatest Sniper Is Chris Kyle1312 Words   |  6 PagesChris Kyle The world’s greatest sniper is Chris Kyle. Born in Texas, Chris was the best man anyone could ask for. Chris was a bull rider for the longest time. Later he joined the Navy Seals. He was the best sniper they had ever had with over 150 confirmed kills. Chris Kyle was and will always be the best sniper ever. Christopher Scott Kyle was raised in Texas and was a United States Navy SEAL from 1999 to 2009. He is at present known as the best marksman in American military history. As demonstratedRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Sniper987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Sniper, A long range specialist trained and designed to make a single shot as deadly As a Panther. A rifle is and extension of the sniper, It is perfectly in tune with his body, like another extremity waiting to be used. Without his rifle, he is nothing. An Infantryman may live and die for his country. 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The Terrorist attacks that took place on September 11th 2001 the area effected by the attacks more commonly by the locals as the DMV (District, Maryland and Virginia) area. Only a year after the events of 9/11 tragedy strikes in the form of two snipers the devastated the community. One cannot really understand the motive of these men without knowing a little about the two men and the crimes the committed. The older of the twoRead MoreSummary : The Beltway Sniper Press Releases Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesThe Beltway Sniper Press Releases Beginning in October of 2002, the Nation is gripped in fear as people are randomly shot by a sniper or snipers in Virginia, Maryland and Washington D.C. The shootings occurred in mall parking lots, near schools and gas stations, no one felt safe. People were staying indoors, walking in zig-zag patterns outdoors and filling their gas tanks from inside their vehicles. 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His 93 confirmed kills and hundreds more unaccounted made him the number one sniper in our history. The book brought out the best of the man that everyone knew as Gunny Hathcock. Carlos Hathcock was born in 1942 in Arkansas. His father once said that Carlos was only eight when he decided he wanted to be a Marine Sniper. When his parents

Drug Addiction And Knowledge Of Social And Medical Services

Addiction treatment is the process of breaking an individual s dependence on illicit drug or legal drugs (alcohol, prescribed medication). It is a complex process of services tailored to meet the multiple and specific needs of people who struggle with drug abuse. Countless people using drugs, alcohol or both have managed to quit and stay clean with the help of organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous or the thousands of long-term residential and outpatient clinics. Treatment also takes place in hospitals, churches, therapists’ offices and counseling centers. Determining treatment effectiveness begins with an understanding the biological, psychological and environmental factors that influence the outcome of treatment. These factors include the knowledge of the nature and progression of drug addiction and knowledge of social and medical services needed and available to the individual to aid recovery. Many drug users suffers from social, health and legal consequences and for that reason interventions should be integrated, coordinated and involve the justice system, the medical care, and the social and educational systems. Only treating ‘total person’, matching clients’ needs to the treatments and available services might increase the likelihood of treatment success. Understanding clients’ history of drug use and previous drug treatment, degree of social maladjustment (e.g., lack of education), lack of interpersonal skills, economic status (e.g., unemployment) and criminalShow MoreRelatedAssessment Of Community Lev el Barriers1460 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide services appropriate to those needs.† (nnlm.gov,2016) Building off the plan and goals set for the model program I created this paper will evaluate the critical barriers that risk the success of the program. ‘Moving Up’ is a program to offer services in alcohol and drug rehabilitation. The vision for this program is to create a clinic/medical office that offers every service a person could need to fight and win against substance abuse addiction. The goal of Moving Up is to service the entireRead MoreRelapse in Substance Abuse Treatment Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesRelapse Prevention in Substance Abuse Treatment In relation to drug abuse, relapse is resuming the use of a chemical substance or drug after a period of abstinence. The term can be said to be a landmark feature of a combination of substance abuse and substance independence. The propensity for dependency, repeated use, and tendencies that take the form of the substance being used, are some of the issues that drug users’ experience. Substances that enhance most severe tendencies in users and pose highRead MoreSubstance Abuse Therapy : Ambulatory Care Settings1181 Words   |  5 PagesMerritt University July 22, 2015â€Æ' There are various care settings wherein substance abuse therapy services are provided. This include primary care clinics, urgent care center or the hospital’s emergency department, freestanding substance abuse treatment or mental health facility, intensive outpatient and partial hospitalization programs and acute care inpatient settings. The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) developed a clinical tool called Placement Criteria, Second edition, revised (PPC-2R)Read MoreShould Hospitals Test Pregnant Women for Drug Use Without Their Consent?850 Words   |  4 PagesShould hospitals test pregnant women for drug use without their consent? Hospitals, during their normal course of treatment should test pregnant women for drugs of any type, whether legal or not. Of course, the patient should be informed of such testing, but consent should not be required. Findings of illegal drugs should be used to educate and treat the mother for an addiction rather than informing law enforcement of such an activity. 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Chemical dependence is usedRead MoreNetwork And Relational Perspectives For Community Psychology1244 Words   |  5 Pageshology/links/557b03bc08aec87640d9b364.pdf Summary In the article â€Å"Linking the Levels: Network and Relational Perspectives for Community Psychology†, networks and relationships have great importance for understanding communities, settings, larger social system, and neighborhoods (Watling Neal, 2014). Generally, it can be said that relational and network perspectives have an ability to provide empirical and conceptual links between different levels of analysis. These levels of analysis may reflectRead MoreOpiate Addiction1214 Words   |  5 PagesA. Identify a Social Problem The social effects of opiate addiction are felt by those who may have never even seen more than an image of heroin. For example; â€Å"In an early study, for example, Inciardi reported that a cohort of 239 male heroin addicts from Miami committed 80,644 criminal acts during the 12 months before being interviewed (Inciardi, 1979).†. (Strain and Stitzer, 2006) In part, this is due to the problems associated with the severe withdrawal symptoms that begin aboutRead MoreA Report On Substance Abuse Treatment Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesCENTER, BROOKLYN NEW YORK Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences and changes in the brain, which can be long lasting. These changes in the brain can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who use drugs. Drug addiction is also a relapsing disease. Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop. The path to drug addiction begins with the voluntary act of taking drugs. But over time, a personRead MoreAdolescent ´s Drug Abuse on the Rise737 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween the ages of 12-25 that abuse and use drugs in the U.S. 90 % of these need treatment and are unable to get the help they need. Drug use is highest among individuals in their late teens. In the U.S, there are approximately 60.6% of youths that are dependent, or abuse drugs.In the U.S. alone, the related public health, social services, public safety, and lost of productivity cost society $465 billion a year (NSDUA, 2009). The damage that addiction inflicts on adolescents, compels the schoolsRead MoreAnnual Productivity Enhancement : Challenges And Resolutions Training Package1555 Words   |  7 PagesCommenced in 2001 Lifestyle Solutions aims to provide disability support, education, accommodation and social inclusions for the intellectually disabled. †¢ So, What is Dual Diagnosis? Broadly used dual diagnosis can said to be a person who experiences, simultaneously, two or more medical disorders. Moreover it is generally thought of as a person who has a form of addiction (predominantly drug addiction) and mental health disorder. †¢ Dual Diagnosis (ACTIVITY) Please take a minute and click on the hyperlink

Dramatic Interp Speech free essay sample

Or dodging in and out of traffic. And his hands were on the handlebars. His front tire hit a rock. And he skidded into the back off passing truck, and that was It. He wasnt wearing his helmet. He said it made him look Like a doffs. And not looking like a doffs was pretty Important to Mice, actually. Its not that hes conceited. Its Just that when he was eight. My mom made the mistake of showing him his christening gown, and he never really got over it. Im only ten months older than he was. I was planned. Mice was a surprise. He loved it too.He was always teasing my parents about it. Telling them that even before he existed, he could outsmart two chemistry majors with birth control pills. He was funny. We pulled some pretty big capers together. The biggest was probably when he was In kindergarten, and we had Just had a new driveway poured next door. We will write a custom essay sample on Dramatic Interp Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So Mice and I ran outside, grabbed a suck, and scratched the letters F-A-ART in the driveway. We didnt do it to be bad. Its just that I was learning how to spell. And mice was learning how to print. And the cement sort of just called to us, I guess you could say. But, well. ..Its amazing how a little fart in the driveway can totally lose its humor when your father sees it. And so my mom makes us line up and solemnly swear to tell them the complete and honest truth. And when she asks who did It, Mice steps forward and says a monkey did It. The trouble was, I had to back him up on It. I didnt really have a choice, you know? So I stood there and swore that we had both seen a monkey run into the driveway with a little stick in his hand and write fart in the concrete. Then?Just to make the story even more believable?Mice said the monkeys name was Zippy.And the two of us had saved the day by chasing him all the way back to Africa. You know, I have this really weird memory, I think. Like Eve never once been able to remember my parents anniversary In time to buy them a was in kindergarten. He said to me, Ho Ho Ho. And I said, minor breath smells. And he said, Get down. It wasnt much of a chat, but the point is, it happened eight years ago and I still remember it like it was yesterday. Thats probably why I can still hear Mocks voice like he was standing right next to me.You know they say when someone you love dies that you forget how their voice sounds, but that hasnt happened yet. Which is why Im not surprised that I still remember everything about the last conversation I had tit my brother before his accident. He said to me, Hey Phoebe! Wait up! Can you do me a favor? I need you to ride my bike home. Dillon Rigs mother is taking a bunch of us to his house so we can rehearse the announcement for Fridays basketball game. And I said, No Mice, sorry, Eve got soccer practice after school youll Just have to do it yourself. He said, Great. Wonderful. Now I have to ride over there all by myself and I dont even know where the kid lives. And I told him that hed be fine. And then he said, Ill look like a doffs! And I said, Sorry doffs! And then he said, uniform so cool Phoebe. And then I walked away. I didnt even say goodbye. So, Im running sprints in soccer when I hear the sirens. And right in that moment everything starts to play out like a movie. The old secretary lady runs over to my coach, my coach runs over to me puts her hand on my shoulder and then the siren stopped.But you know, I Just wanted for it to not be Mice. So, I did the only thing I could do. I closed my eyes and I prayed to god that it had been some terrible mistake and that Mice wasnt the one. And you know, I actually remember praying that it had been one of his friends. So then my dad shows up, and I ask him if Mocks goanna be alright and he kind of Just cradles my head in his hands, so gently like he was afraid he was goanna break me, and in a voice so faint I could barely hear, he looked at me and said, Hes gone. And thats when I saw it. The truck, and Mocks bike.Still lying there in the gutter where he had fallen. And you know I remember making a noise then, this awful noise that didnt sound like me at all, but like Yesterday marks the one month anniversary of Mocks accident. And you know, I used to think that anniversaries only celebrated happy things, but know I know theyre Just a way of measuring time. I ran to where the accident happened. The field by my school, it sounds morbid, I know it does, but, but I Just wanted to feel close to my brother. And so in my mind I wasnt running to the place where he had died.I was running to the last place where he had been. Unfortunately right across the field from me a group of noisy workmen were banging around putting up a new set of bleachers, and they were setting them in concrete. It was almost dark when they finished. And you know, I couldnt believe that no one stayed around to guard the wet cement. I mean you goat be nuts leaving wet cement unguarded near a Junior high school, especially when theres a thirteen year old girl tinting there already with a stick in her hand whos been watching you all afternoon.

Perceptions Of Islam Essays - Women In Islam, Islam, Sharia

Perceptions Of Islam How the West Perceives Islam and what Mazrui thinks is the Reality Most Westerners tend to view the Islamic societies as somewhat backward in their beliefs according to Mazrui. Commonly Westerners believe that this is due to the oppressed religious beliefs of Islamic's. They also believe that the Islamic society is governed inhumanely in comparison to the enlightened, well-rounded democracy of the Western world. However the measurement of cultural differences between the West and Islam is somewhat complex, and the differences between the two is narrower than assumed by most Western beliefs. Islam is not considered just a religion, and most certainly is not just a fundamentalist political movement but is a civilization and a way of life that varies from one Muslim country to another. The Westerners seem fail to recognize how their own societies have failed to live up to their liberal mythology. Many aspects of Islamic culture that Westerners regard as medieval may even have prevailed in their own culture until fairly recently. In most cases, Islamic societies are only a few decades behind in the socially and technologically advanced Westerners. The main question that we must ask ourselves is what path leads to the highest quality of life for the average citizen without the worry of being abused in the process. According to Mazrui, Islamic values deserve serious consideration because the West doesn't provide the answers to all the questions being asked. Many Westerners regard Muslim societies as being unenlightened when it comes to the rights of women, and it is true that the question regarding women is still troublesome in most Muslim countries. The rules regarding the Islamic beliefs on sexual modesty have often resulted in excessive segregation of the sexes in public places, sometimes bringing about questionable differences regarding women's rights. However, Muslim women have always been permitted to own property where the British women where not allowed to do so until 1870. Islamic laws have also allowed the inheritance to b oth genders equally while in many Western cultures women could not inherit anything if there were sons in the family. The United States, which is the largest most influential Western nation, has yet to nominate a female into the presidential office where Muslims have had two women Prime ministers. Although Muslims have moved towards female empowerment, they are still far behind in female liberation. The sources and methods of censorship may differ but censorship is just a fact of life in Western societies as it is in the Muslim world. Censorship is often crudely, imposed by governments, mullahs and imams, and recently, militant Islamic movements. However, the Censorship in the West, is more polished and decentralized. The practitioners in the West are financial backers of the cultural activity and entertainment advertisers that buy time on commercial television. In regards to the division of church and state and the protection of minority religions through secularism in the West, Islam has tried to protect those religions through ecumenicalism throughout its history. One conclusion that can be drawn from this is that Westerners are less well rounded in their political behavior than they believe. The other conclusion is that Muslim societies historically have been more ecumenical, and are therefore more humane, than the Western critics have come to recognize. However, the Islamic ecumenicalism has protected religious minorities more effectively than the Westerners. Over all the Western liberal democracy has enabled societies to enjoy the openness of its government's accountability through the participation of its citizens along with a high economic productivity. However, Mazrui points out that Western pluralism has also been the breeding ground for racism, fascism, exploitation, and genocide. Mazrui believes that if history is to end in arrival at the ultimate political order, it will require more than the Western teachings on how to maximize the best in human nature. Mazrui also believes that mankind must also be willing to address the Islamic views on how to check the worst in human nature-from alcoholism to racism, materialism to Nazism, drug addiction to Marxism as the opiate of the intellectuals. Over all Mazrui feels that one must distinguish between democratic principles and humane principles. Some humane principles that need to be distinguished incl ude stabilizing the

Raised Into Racing Professor Ramos Blog

Raised Into Racing James Butte 9/10/18 English 010 3:00 Raised Into Racing I learned to ride a motorcycle when I was 3 years old. I grew up looking up to my older friends that were really good at it and I wanted to be good at it and fast just like they were. My dad taught me everything he could teach me and I kept practicing everything I knew. I would ride with my friends and watch what they did, and how they did it, eventually I was getting faster and faster. At age 7 I entered my first Motocross race. Once I started racing I started to get trained by professionals, and personal trainers. A couple years ago I found a trainer that really helped me more than any other. My trainer really helped me in my turns. This is one of the best places to gain positions, time and speed. â€Å"Look through the turn. Don’t look directly in front of where you’re going, look at where you want to go, at the end of the corner.† This completely changed how I viewed racing and changed my riding style. I got really fast, comfortable, and competitive to other racers where I got my name out there and started getting sponsors, and winning races. One of my biggest accomplishments was racing in the Angel Stadium for the Monster Energy Supercross Amateur Day, Qualifying to race at Loretta lynns in Tennessee, and racing at the Mammoth Motocross. Photo by Daniel on Pexels.com

University of Scranton Admissions Data

University of Scranton Admissions Data Are you interested in attending the University of Scranton? They accept almost three-quarters of all applicants. See more about their admissions requirements. Founded in 1888, the University of Scranton is a well-regarded Jesuit university located in Scranton, Pennsylvania. The University of Scranton has an impressive 11 to 1 student/faculty ratio, and the school has been recognized by U.S. News World Report for its commitment to teaching. At the undergraduate level, both health and business fields are quite popular. The university is committed to service, and each year more the 2,850 students perform 170,000 hours of community service. The University of Scranton has high retention and graduation rates, and an impressive number of students go on to graduate school. On the athletic front, the Scranton Royals compete in the NCAA Division III Landmark Conference. Will you get in? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) University of Scranton Acceptance Rate: 75Â  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Scranton AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 510 / 600SAT Math: 520 / 620What these SAT numbers meanSAT comparison for Catholic collegesACT Composite: 23Â  / 28What these ACT numbers meanACT comparison for Catholic colleges Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 5,380Â  (3,867 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41Â  percent Male / 59 percent Female95 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $42,162Books: $1,300 (why so much?)Room and Board: $14,264Other Expenses: $1,868Total Cost: $59,594 University of Scranton Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 96 percentPercentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 94 percentLoans: 70Â  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $23,035Loans: $8,637 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice Studies, Elementary Education, English, Exercise Science, Finance, Human Services, Marketing, Nursing, Political Science, Psychology What major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 87Â  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 72 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 79Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Lacrosse, Swimming, Soccer, Baseball, Basketball, Wrestling, Golf, Tennis, Track and FieldWomens Sports: Basketball, Field Hockey, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Volleyball, Track and Field If You Like the University of Scranton, You May Also Like These Schools Villanova University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSaint Josephs University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Delaware: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMarist College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStony Brook University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFairfield University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDuquesne University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTemple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLoyola University Maryland: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Scranton Mission Statement mission statement from the University of Scranton website The University of Scranton is a Catholic and Jesuit university animated by the spiritual vision and the tradition of excellence characteristic of the Society of Jesus and those who share in its way of proceeding. The University is a community dedicated to the freedom of inquiry and personal development fundamental to the growth in wisdom and integrity of all who share in its life. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Journalism, Mass Media and Communication PowerPoint Presentation

Journalism, Mass Media and Communication - PowerPoint Presentation Example Similarly to how significant reputation is to the royal family, it is a prerequisite for every company to guard their reputation considering that this is an extremely valuable asset to the company. Apparently, on the night of her deadly crash, her chauffeur was drunk, while Princess Diana was not putting on a seat belt; on the other hand, Princess Diana, together with her beau, Dodi Al Fayed, were attempting to escape from paparazzi. It is clear that both Diana and Al Fayed sought fame in a way that none of the royal family members did. Nonetheless, the heyday of Princess Diana as a global star seemed to symbolize Princess Diana’s superiority compared to the rest of the royal family. Her lack of self control, together with her helplessness in the appearance of her own desires, which signified her humanity (Adrian & Deborah 2002, p.6). The Establishment that wrangled with Princess Diana no longer even rules England and Wales; according to this organization, their expectation wa s Princess Diana to live in a loveless marriage with Prince Charles, while at the same time bearing the humiliation brought about by his unfaithfulness. With his position, Prince Charles was not only known for his infidelity, but als for his lack of morals, something that the royal family attempted to cover up through all means. However, when Princess Diana filed for divorce, all these dirty secrets came to light. This was a problem to the royalists who have a valid reason to be worried; the constitutional problem in prospect that if Prince Charles marries his long time lover Camilla Parker Bowles, this step sets off alarm bells. This is because, the heir to the throne, who is also the Church of England's leader, happens to be a self-confessed adulterer, who is living unmarried together with another man's ex-wife. On the other hand, if the Queen, together with her advisers make an attempt of blocking the marriage, then the House of Windsor is capable of demonstrating how out of step it is regarding the rest of society. Following the death of Princess Diana, their self-control, as well as refusal to portray emotion in public appeared to be less than human, instead of the summit of human behavior. This led to the natives laughing and poking fun, with the tradition of the stiff upper lip appearing to be risible; resulting to the queen’s accent getting mocked all over the country. Certainly, this is just a change of masks; the Prime Minister Tony Blair, emoting concerning the â€Å"People’s Princess,† turned out to be no more sincere compared to the queen feigning that she had not been wounded by the whole thing. However, beneath that change of mask rests the much deeper, as well as quite irreversible, change of the country from Rome to Italy (Adrian & Deborah 2002, p.24). When Prince William decided to marry Kate, the royal family had to accept his decision for fear of a repeat of what transpired between Princess Diana and her husband. Prince ss Diana had to enter into an early marriage with an old man, i.e. Prince Charles, something that later on resulted in enormous problems since she could not tolerate living in a loveless marriage. However, in the case of the Dutch and Dutchess of England, they are both young and they also love each other; therefore, there is a high possibility that

Critical analysis of the legacy dimension of the planning process of Essay

Critical analysis of the legacy dimension of the planning process of World Cup 2010 in South Africa focusing on the city of Cape Town - Essay Example The building of the new stadium at Green point is also intended to create more job opportunities and newer sporting, entertainment and leisure activities for the city in a scope not previously witnessed (Smit, et. al., 2007). The location of a new stadium at Green Point is very accessible to the local and international tourists as the public transport systems, which include their rail and road networks, link the country to many other regions like the neighboring Zimbabwe (Ruiz-del-Solar, et. al. 2011). The plan for building the new stadium at Green Point aimed at creating a recreational and a sports facility within the urban parks situated in Cape Town (Leeman, 2010). The stadium to be built was to have a capacity of approximately 68,000 fans and was supposed to link the waterfronts of Victoria and Alfred (Bowdin, 2010). The major objective of building the new stadium is enhancing the regional capabilities already existing in this region and not detracting from the other facilities as they enhance the values of the neighborhood for their populations benefit (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery, 2010). While designing the stadium, several principles were considered including their compliance to the technical and fa cility requirements of FIFA (Young, 2010). The principles utilized also considered the building and infrastructure the stadium, the areas security, accessibility, capacity and seating orders (Tait & Van Der Spuy, 2010). The legacy of the stadium created ensures that the impacts of building the new stadium will have long term effects. The legacy plans included compliance standards in the regions public transport systems, their training venues, accommodation, renewable energy, waste and water management and their environment (Leeman, 2010). Upgrading the regions public transport was among their most pressing of challenges in enabling the spectators to attend the world cup matches in environments that are safe and car free (Jennings & Jordan-Zachery,

Poems by Blake and Wordsworth Essay Example for Free

Poems by Blake and Wordsworth Essay Two aspects of London as shown through a response to poems by Blake and Wordsworth. When comparing Blake and Wordsworths pieces, the respective perspectives of the authors should never be far from our thoughts. Whereas Blake lived in London his whole life and seldom ventured outside its borders, Wordsworth was a rural person whose only experiences of London came from short visits. Unaccustomed to the hustle and bustle of City life, Wordsworth led a comparatively relaxed existence which perhaps accounts for his romantic and gentile style. We should not be surprised to see that Blake, a frequenter of the less-desirable districts of the capital, offers a far more cynical portrayal of London. Blakes poem is a social commentary which points an ugly finger at the industrialist pioneers and the flaws of Industrial society. Blake was a renowned radical of the era with far-reaching ideas. He uses many literary devices to impart his opinions upon his audience. This is superbly demonstrated when he writes: I wander through each chartered street The reference is a metaphorical reflection on Blakes perception that anything and everything is for sale in an industrial society and, in particular, in its impoverished areas. Repetition is clearly employed when the piece claims: In every cry of every man, In every infants cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban, The mind-forged manacles I hear The repetition could be equated with anything from the machinery at work in the factories and mills, to an assault of stabbing pain upon those suffering in poverty. Within the framework which Blake creates, the reader is left to determine his own idea of what the repetition may represent, and this is at the centre of the verses success. Irony is employed with great effect in the verse beginning How the chimney-sweepers cry. The author contrasts the poverty and ill-health of chimney-sweeps with the wealth of the church, and suggests that instead of helping the poor the church pays them a pittance to work in hazardous conditions. Irony often stands side by side with black humour, and both are well-demonstrated in this verse. The amusing of the reader with a subject which should not amuse serves to further draw them into the piece. In the latter part of the same verse, emotive comparisons are made between the plight of Londons less-fortunate and warfare. Blakes use of the word soldiers is no accident here; for soldiers are tools of war, and must have opponents. This leads the reader to ask: with whom are the soldiers at war? As Marx foretold and the French Revolution demonstrated, the working classes and those controlling the means of production operate with opposing aims. Blake brings a new element of severity to the situation by suggesting that forces are at work against the poor subjects. INSERT LAST VERSE DISCUSSION HERE Wordsworth is blissfully unaware of the scenes which Blake paints. Indeed, Wordsworths London is so far removed from Blakes that one is led to ask whether the two are writing of the same city at all. There is a significant period of time between the two which could arguably account for this; Wordsworths work being written before the Industrial Revolution and Blake at its height.

Body Image Presented Through the Media Essay -- essays research papers

Body Image Presented Through The Media   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the world we live in today, we are constantly hearing or seeing advertisements through the media about why you need to lose weight, grow more hair, or have whiter teeth, etc. It is scary to just sit down and watch these advertisements on TV, because they make you feel that if you do not have the perfect body image, which I do not believe there is one, then you will not get the job you want or the boyfriend or girlfriend you have been going after, almost basically just saying that you will be a loser the rest of your life and no one will like you if you do not look a certain way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I do not want to sound like I am contradicting myself here, but do not get me wrong it is very important for a person to present themself, look attractive, eat healthy and exercise. I just think our society has reached a point where we have become to obsessed with every little part of our appearance. Plastic surgery has got to the point where people are getting their face adjusted more than a Mr. Potato Head doll. Every week I see a new â€Å"miracle drug† infomercial on TV that claims to â€Å"improve your life drastically† just because it will make your hair thicker, your penis larger, or your skin tanner. I thought this group really got their point across when they talked about all of the reality shows focused on changing a persons image or making them look like a celebrity or someone they are not. The cl...

2 Timothy 3-4 Worksheet

2 Timothy 3-4 WorksheetThe Dangers of the Last Days (Ch 3) You should know this, Timothy that in the last days there will be very difficult times. 2  For people will love only themselves and their money. They will be boastful and proud, scoffing at God, disobedient to their parents, and ungrateful. They will consider nothing sacred. 3  They will be unloving and unforgiving; they will slander others and have no self-control. They will be cruel and hate what is good. 4  They will betray their friends, be reckless, be puffed up with pride, and love pleasure rather than God.   They will act religious, but they will reject the power that could make them godly. Stay away from people like that! 6 They are the kind who worm their way into homes and gain control over gullible women, who are loaded down with sins and are swayed by all kinds of evil desires, 7 always learning but never able to come to a knowledge of the truth. 8 Just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so also these te achers oppose the truth. They are men of depraved minds, who, as far as the faith is concerned, are rejected. But they will not get very far because, as in the case of those men, their folly will be clear to everyone. A Final Charge to Timothy 10 You, however, know all about my teaching, my way of life, my purpose, faith, patience, love, endurance, 11 persecutions, sufferings—what kinds of things happened to me in Antioch, Iconium and Lystra, the persecutions I endured. Yet the Lord rescued me from all of them. 12 In fact, everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted, 13 while evildoers and impostors will go from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived. 4 But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have become convinced of, because you know those from whom you learned it, 15 and how from infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16 All Scripture is God-bre athed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, 17 so that the servant of God[a] may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. Verse Paraphrase: 1. Paul is telling Timothy that in the last day’s trials would come and it would be harder to maintain faith in Christ. . The reason to this is because of people loving themselves and therefore loving money. And since they’d only know themselves, they would be proud, boastful, scoffs at God, disobedient to their parents, and ungrateful. They would not consider anything to be holy or sacred. 3. they will love what is evil and hate the good which would lead them to be unloving, unforgiving slanderous and having no self control. 4. For their sake of pleasure and self-love, they would betray their friends, be ruthless (reckless), very arrogant and prideful. . Paul says to stay away from these people who stick to the law and follow the law but which are far from the true meaning of righteousn ess. They’d deny the power of God since they’d be only relying on themselves. Who are verses 6-8 speaking about? Verse 6~8 speaks about evildoers and impostors who will eagerly seek for place to dwell in, especially woman who are gullible and full of their own sins. Just like Jannes and Jambres who opposed Moses, they will be notable in the eyes of God, and their ways would not go far.They’d appear as if they are â€Å"righteous† and knows the truth about God, but the core difference would be their action to the faith which would be absent to them. What example and charge does Paul give Timothy (10-17) He gave his own example of the trails and persecutions that he had faced, but not only that, he explains to Timothy of how God had been there through the trials to be overcome. He puts strong emphasis on the importance of the Holy scriptures and what the word of God is capable of doing to our spirits.What is the Mantle of Leadership Paul is talking about (4 :1-5 NLTSB pg 2067)? In the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who will judge the living and the dead, and in view of his appearing and his kingdom, I give you this charge: 2 Preach the word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage—with great patience and careful instruction. 3 For the time will come when people will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths. 5 But you, keep your head in all situations, endure hardship, do the work of an evangelist, discharge all the duties of your ministry. Paul knew how the Holy Scripture could decide eternity in heaven or hell for those who follow or not follow God’s commands. He says to encourage or to rebuke while preaching the good gospel, and to be prepared to be persecuted for following Christ. The wor ldly people will only listen to what they want to listen and become blind to sound doctrine (which refers to the bible. )

D.T. Resistant Materials – Evaluation

I feel that my product has fulfilled all of the essential criteria although some of the desired criteria aren't fulfilled. This includes: * Incorporated Lights * A Combination of Materials * Be used for placing an object on top The reason behind these specifications not being fulfilled was mainly due to limitations or the way it would have to be incorporated into the design I chose. If I decided to incorporate lights, the price would have rose as well as me having to make the boxes more bulky making them a lot more difficult to move and customise. A combination of materials wasn't used because of complications and problems which I will explain later and to be used for placing an object on top, the product would become less customisable, however an add on could be designed for my product in the future which would allow this, but as current because of time scale and general problems (which I will explain) this is an unavailable feature. What it does and how good it is at doing it My product is designed to allow users to store objects such as books and paperwork in. Teenagers, my target audience, would be able to customise the product by adding different tops as well as a different combination of boxes of which came in two sizes. The system I designed allowed the boxes to be placed on top of each other as well as beside each other. After testing, I found that the average sized box fitted perfectly, mainly due to my research which I carried out earlier. Papers unfortunately didn't fit without aid such as a folder or possibly something which allowed the paper to stand on end. Having said this, the product was perfectly able to stand the weight and the customisable feature with everything lining up with little add on features which gave room for error as well as being extra features to the set. After asking other 15/16 year olds, comments were very positive particularly with the engraved design on the side which matched with the add on spacers as well as the fact the boxes could be stacked or put on the side. They also liked the idea of the customisable top which could be turned into a different wide range of add-ons which could have been added to in the future if desired. There were few negative comments which were probably due mainly to pure politeness! Having said this, the ones I received were well constructed such as the fact that paper couldn't be placed flat without it sticking out the side as well as the fact that the choice of finish allowed the pine to show which was of a colour too bright to some people's preference. Modifications and/due to Problems One major problem I came up against was the fact that I was unable to cast a peg. This was due to limitations of knowledge on casting as well as the time limit I was restricted against. Our first trial was shown on my developing ideas section where only one half of the peg seemed to come out correctly. This, unfortunately, made me skip the variety of materials desired criteria. Another problem was accuracy. I was only making one of many of these products and because of this I opted to create the top plate by hand. Having done this I soon realised that it was very difficult and time consuming to get it correctly placed. Due to this fact I modified the size of the dowel from 8mm to 6mm which meant that the 8mm hole will now have 6mm slotted into it with the top plate. Because of time restrictions, it wasn't possible to create other add-ons such as the CD rack I planned earlier on. Instead I opted in a different material which would make the product more appealing (aesthetically pleasing). Accuracy was also another problem which I faced when joining the boxes together. I originally planned to join the boxes directly against each other. Because of 8mm holes being in the top and the bottom, 8mm dowel had to be used and the fact is that there was no room for error which became a problem. I solved this by creating a spacer which contained 6mm dowel which would slot into both the bottom and top box. This was a viable solution. Design problems also caused the boxes to be connected sideways only one possible direction as the boxes would not slot into each other on one side. This problem was one which I didn't fix as the boxes could still tessellate one way which made this problem very minor.

Business Law Essay

Business Law Essay Business Law Essay Nature and Terminology Contract law - the formation and keeping of promises-legally binding Source of contract law-common law-except where modified or replaced by statutory law -UCC -sale or lease of goods, checks or administrative law Two parties Promissor - making the promise - PR Promissee - person to whom the prime is made - PE Contract - agreement between two parties (or more) is legally binding, agree to perform or refrain from performing an act now or in the future Objective theory of contacts - element of intent is very important - judged by outward objective facts - as interpreted by a reasonable person standard Objective - One answer, subjective - multiple answers Three factors What the party said How the party acted or appeared Circumstances surrounding the transaction Elements (Requirements) Agreement - Need an offer and an acceptance (more in chapter 12) Consideration - Must be supported by legally sufficient bargained for value (more in chapter 13) Contractual capacity - must have this (age, sober, lack mental capacity) (more in chapter 14) Legality - must be (contract’s purpose) to accomplish a goal that is legal and not v. public policy (more in chapter 14) Let’s assume we meet all four requirements - possible defenses Voluntary consent - both parties agreed (more in chapter 15) Contract must be in a form with respect to whatever the law requires (more in chapter 16) Contract classification Bilateral contract v. unilateral contact Bilateral - Promise for a promise eg one part offeror makes a promise, offered may accept by promising to perform, contract exist at the moment promise made Unilateral contract if the offer can accept the offer by performance (promise for performance)- contract exist moment contract is performed Potential problem - PR attempts to revoke (take back) the offer after the PE began performance Present view - offer to perform becomes irrevocable once performance has begun Formal v. informal Formal - contact that requires special forms or method or formation, to be enforceable Informal - simple contract - no special form is required Express v. Implied Express - specific terms of agreement are fully and explicitly stated in words, oral, or written Implied - contract is implied from the conduct of the parties For implied, need three elements P must furnish some service or property P expected to be paid for that service or property and D knew or should have known that payment was expected D had chance to reject the services or property and did not Executed v. executory Executed - fully performed by both parties Executory - not fully performed by both parties Contract enforceability Valid contact- one that has all four elements Voidable contract- valid contract, one of the parties may be able to avoid the contract at their option (or both) can avoid it or ratify it Minor - contact may be unenforceable because of certain legal defense Void contract - not a contract at all, no legal obligation to any Business Law Essay Business Law Essay Business Law Law- the body of rules that can be enforced by the courts or by other government agencies. Sophisticated Client- Person who understands the role of a lawyer and knows when to represent himself/herself and when to get the help of a lawyer. They understand the cost associated with a lawyer and how the process works. Legal Aid- Legal help for people who cannot afford a lawyer. Civil Law- A list of codes that judges apply to cases. Common Law- Law based on past decisions made by the courts with regard to cases with similar circumstances. Stare Desists- â€Å"To stand by previous decisions† Law of equity- A system of law in which the rule of presidents was not followed every case is treated as a new one. Statute- A law passed by properly constituted legislative body. â€Å"Parliament† Paramount- When provincial and federal laws conflict the federal law will prevail. Chapter 4 Tort- Civil wrong, it occurs when one person causes injury to another person, harming his or her person, property or reputation. Vicious liability- An employer may be held responsible for torts committed by employees while on the job. 1. Intentional torts- Torts done on purpose, deliberate torts. 2. Assault- both the actual striking of a person (battery) of the threat of striking a person (assault) Defences A. Consent- the victim gives permission for the action to take place. B. Self-defence- reasonable force being used to protect one’s self, people under the care of a person or the person’s property. C. Lawful Authority- some people have the right to administer disciplinary action to others. 3. Trespass to land- involves someone who goes onto another person property without having the lawful right of the owner’s permission to do so. 4. False imprisonment- occurs when people are restrained against their will and the person doing the restraining has no lawful authority to do so. 5. Private nuisance- anyone who carries out an action that interferes with the use and enjoyment of another person’s property. 6. Defamation- A statement that ruins or lowers the reputation of another person. The statement can be oral or spoken (slander) or written, printed (libel). Defences of Defamation 1. Truth 2. Privilege- A defence which allows certain people in certain situations to make untrue statements without incurring liability for defamation. (Statements made imperilment and provincial legislation) 3. Qualified privilege- allows certain people not to be liable for defamation if it occurs in the course of the job duty. 4. Fair comment- when people put their work up before public viewing, they invite criticism. Chapter 5 Unintentional torts- the inflection of a wrong though careless conduct Reasonable person test- what would a reasonable person do in the same situation. A: A duty to exercise care must exist B: Breach of the standard of care C and D: Causation and damages Misfeasance- when a person acts in a social undesirable way. The courts will likely provide compensation or remedy. Nonfeasance- when a person fails to do something unless it is their duty, courts are not likely to provide compensation. Plaintiff- The person doing the suing Defendant- The person being sued Res-ipsa-loquitor- Instead of the plaintiff proving that negligence acquired, the defendant must prove that negligence did not acquire it has been abolished in Canada. Prima facie- The plaintiff has proven their case from the facts that negligence has acquired. Dangerous premises- The occupier of land or property is responsible for keeping is safe for people who come on to it. People that come onto another person’s property can be divided into three categories. 1. Invitee- any business visitors (salesperson) 2. Licensee- anybody who enters a person’s property without permission. The occupier is not responsible to keep the place safe for this group; however the occupier is not allowed to intentionally

How to Use Facebook Retargeting Ads With Nick Steeves [PODCAST]

How to Use Facebook Retargeting Ads With Nick Steeves [PODCAST] It’s a challenge to get traffic to your website. Even after you put in the effort to build traffic, many visitors don’t buy what you’re selling the first time they visit. What you want to do is get your visitors to return so they make that purchase. Today’s guest is Nick Steeves, the chief product officer at Wishpond. He is going to talk to us about retargeting, video ads, and how to measure your digital advertising success. If you want to get more people to come back to your site to buy your product or service, you won’t want to miss today’s show! Information about Wishpond and what Nick does there. Retargeting: What it is and why it’s important. Nick also talks about two ways to do retargeting one way that is basic and one way that is more advanced. How Wishpond comes up with retargeting ad ideas. The types of retargeting ads that work the best for Display and Facebook. Tips on making great videos that will result in conversion. Why it makes good business sense to â€Å"pay to play† on Facebook. Why Wishpond calls their marketing team â€Å"the growth team.† What the Wishpond growth team’s workflow looks like and how they keep it all organized. How to test ads to know what works best, as well as what to look for to know whether the ad is working or not working and how to learn from the ads that just didn’t work. Nick’s best advice for someone just starting out with retargeting ads. Links: Nick Steeves Wishpond AdEspresso Google AdWords

Care and management of chronic obstructive airways disease Essay

Care and management of chronic obstructive airways disease - Essay Example He was advised to quit smoking by the general practitioner, but the patient was unable to do so. In view of persistent cough and worsening health condition, the patient was referred to our center for further management and counseling. Other health problems in John include hypertension and hemorrhoids. He has been taking amlodipine 5 mg for hypertension. Overview of the disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the devastating medical conditions that causes a great degree of suffering to humans (Mosenifar, 2011). It is a source of both economic and social burden (Sullivan et al, 2000 and Fromer and Cooper, 2008). It is defined as "a disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis or emphysema" (Mosenifar, 2011). There are 2 sides of coin to the disease and they are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis refers to presence of chronic cough with no other etiology and which is productive for at least 3 months during each of the two consecutive years. Emphysema is a condition in which damage of the air spaces that are present distal to the terminal bronchioles occurs. The damage is irreversible, abnormal and associated with destruction of the air space walls with no obvious fibrosis (Fromer and Cooper, 2008). ... The most distressing symptom of COPD is breathlessness which is a progressive problem and the crux of treatment of COPD is management of breathlessness. Pathophysiology Understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease helps elaborate a good management plan. The most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking. It develops in about 15 percent of chronic smokers (NICE, 2004). Thus, John developed COPD because of chronic smoking. Other risk factors for the development of COPD are air pollution especially due to solid cooking fuels, presence of airway hyperresponsiveness (Mosenifar, 2011). The characteristic pathophysiological changes in COPD are seen in the central airways, the peripheral airways and also the lung parenchyma. Diverse mechanisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of COPD (Thurlbeck, 1990). Primary offenders like oxidative stress due to free radicals from cigarette smoke and oxidants from phagocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes trigger the release of certain enzym es like leukocyte elastase in such proportions that they cannot be counteracted effectively by anti-proteases, resulting in destruction of the lung tissues (Thurlbeck, 1990) leading to necrosis or apoptosis of the lung tissue. Due to these mechanisms, certain pathological changes occur in the airways and the lung tissue like inflammation and globlet cell hyperplasia in chronic bronchitis and loss of elastic recoil in emphysema. Other changes include ciliary abnormalities, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia, bronchial wall thickening and sometimes atrophy (Mosenifar, 2011). These pathophysiological changes contribute to airway flow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus accumulation leading to poor ventilation and oxygenation, breathlessness, cough and infection. A

COURSE WORK- CANCER RESERCH Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

COURSE WORK- CANCER RESERCH - Assignment Example Previously mentioned, the planned objective is to earn high profit by selling several types of products to the customers for donating the money to the needy people suffering from cancer. The actual results of the project report could be ascertained as that the Kungfu group bought certain products at the amount of  £224 and sold the same at  £304.7. Therefore, the profit amount realised to  £80.7, which was donated to help the sufferers (Kungfu Panda, n.d.). The differences between the plan and actuals could be defined as effective strategy based on which the predetermined objectives of a program are achieved within a specific timeframe (Grant net, 2008). In this regard, one of the differences between the planned and actual objectives relating to the group work can be apparently observed as getting the objectives to get framed initially and fulfilling the same with utmost priority. There are certain differences to be noted amid planned and actual objectives, as based on the plans derived, at certain times the desired purpose could not be made effective. To make the program i.e. the charity event successful, it is essential to motivate the people to purchase different products as offer by the group. In this regard, motivational theory is appropriate to encourage the people to buy the products that offer by the group, as this is deemed to be one of the easy ways of making the people to support the same (Berliner & Calfee, n.d.). However, one of such differences could be ascertained as the unwillingness of the people towards supporting the event due to having lack in motivation. Specially mentioning, one of the main products of the project can be apparently recognised as listing the selling of certain essential products to raise funds for donating to the organisation of Cancer Research UK. Such products include jelly, coconut juice, chocolate crisps,

Explication of Out, Out by Robert Frost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explication of Out, Out by Robert Frost - Essay Example These are themes which can be found in other poems by Robert Frost as well. An explication of the poem on this theme will show that the main thesis of the poem is that, no matter how sad an event such as death is, life must go on. Interestingly the opening of the poem keeps the reader constantly on edge, unsure whether something bad or good will come in the end. The first six lines of the poem set up a scene that sounds very nice. Although the first line does sound menacing, that is soon done away with by describing in great detail the lovely â€Å"sweet-scented stuff† that the sawdust gives off â€Å"when the breeze drew across it† (l.3) and showing the â€Å"Five mountain ranges one behind the other / Under the sunset far into Vermont† (l.5-6). These lines, taken together, make it sound as though the poem is going to be an ideal one about the pleasures of work in natural beauty and so on. However, line seven returns the menace of the first line by repeating tha t â€Å"the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled† (l.7). This is again undone two lines later, in a line which both reduces the tension and immediately adds to it again. The poem says that â€Å"nothing happened† but then makes this uncertain by adding that the â€Å"day was all but done† (l.9). From here the subject matter of the poem becomes more clear. Everything after this point has a melancholy feel to it, as though the reader is aware of how the poem is going to end before actually getting there. In the rest of the poem the boy loses his hand and has to get it amputated. He does not want it to be removed because he considers it to be the same as death. This is implied in the line that the boy â€Å"saw all was spoiled† (l.23). Because of this they have to sedate him, which ironically leads to his death when he does not recover from the anesthetic (l.26). It is clear that the boy's own sadness at his death, or even his lack of belief at the f act that he will eventually die, since he has lost his hand, actually leads to his immediate death much sooner than it should have happened. It is common for Robert Frost's poetry to show this "kind of dark design" which "comes like a thief in the night to steal away innocence" (Rath 163). In other words, the poet is often concerned with death, and the sadness--or loss of innocence--that it causes to mankind. However, even though he does have this common theme which runs throughout his work, some of his poems show that life will go on after this dark design has completed. These poems show that "man cannot be totally gloomy-shut," he cannot just shut himself away and feel depressed all the time about death (Rath 164). Instead, he will have to go on with his life. Interestingly, â€Å"Out, Out,† fits well into both categories. It is an exploration not only of he effect of death on other people, but of the loss of innocence of the boy who, when he loses his hand, sees his own de ath arriving. In this regard, since he was not able to move on as he should have, he actually dies, and is really unable to move on forever. Carl Runyon points out in his discussion of the poem that â€Å"we should not assume that the sister returned to the normal course of her life as quickly as did the doctor, or that the unseen parents immediately resumed their lives as if nothing had happened† (Runyon). Runyon says that the quickness of the poem's ending does not suggest the ending of the poem is â€Å"callous,† just that it is â€Å"realistic† (Runyon). Taken as a whole, the poem suggests that "there is a line between the living and the dead that cannot be crossed," which is also expressed in several other poems by Frost (Fagan 157). This might be seen as a cynical view of life, and

Substance Abuse Among Adolescent Students

Substance Abuse Among Adolescent Students CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood into adulthood, a period of physical, psychological and social maturation. This is a crucial period of life when an individual is no longer a child but not yet an adult. The term adolescent refers to individuals between 10-19 years of age (early adolescence 10-14 years and late adolescence 15-19 years). In this period they are usually very energetic, enthusiastic, and anxious and become more autonomous in their decision taking.1 To show that they are capable of handling themselves the risk taking behavior among them is very high which, as a consequence, may bring different kinds of problems. Substance abuse is common and one of the most disturbing problems among the youths. In Nepal adolescents comprise about one fourth (24%) of the total population.2 Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs.3 Substance abuse is the use of any substance(s) for no n-therapeutic purposes or use of medication for the purposes other than those for which it is prescribed. It refers to the over-indulgence in and dependence of a drug or other chemicals leading to effects that are detrimental to the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s physical and mental health, or the welfare of the others. Substance abuse has complex roots; in biological predisposition, personal development, and social context. Specific social correlates such as parent-child conflict, child physical and sexual abuse, family breakdown etc has also great role4. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is a crucial period in which experimentation with illicit drugs in many cases begins. Because of their innate curiosity and thirst for new experiences, peer pressures, their resistance to authority, sometimes low self-esteem and problems in establishing positive interpersonal relationships, young people are particularly susceptible to the allure of drugs. However, all youth around the world do not have the same reason for abusing drugs.5 Substance abuse also predicts affiliation with network of deviant peers who introduce these adolescents to other substances.4 [2] Adolescent substance use usually starts with alcohol and cigarette which are referred to as gateway substances. They are the initial substances used before others are tried out and later progress to more dangerous ones such as cannabis and cocaine.4 In most societies cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and using drugs are more or less perceived by young people as something alluring. Many also see it as a status symbol, a way to telling their peers and contemporaries that they have come of age. In Nepal, alcohol use has not been taken seriously either by the community or by any social organization.6 There is no age restriction on buying cigarettes. Cannabis and alcohol were traditionally used in Nepal for centuries. A cannabis derivative such as marijuana and bhang is often justified in connection with religious festivals because of the presumed prediction by one principal figure of the Hindu pantheon, the lord Shiva for the drug.7 With time, risky behavior such as gluing, sniffing an d injecting the drugs has been introduced. Though drug use is strictly illegal in Nepal, the easy access and availability of drugs has created a conducive environment for the people to start taking such substances, especially among young people and children. Substance abuse is one of the main risk factors for numbers of heart and lung diseases, oral, lung and stomach cancer, psychiatric problems and even death. Poor social coping skills, broken homes, disturbed relationships and risky behaviors is its social consequences.3 A number of measures, both on supply reduction and demand reduction, have been taken by the government and non-governmental organizations. However, the number of drug users is in the increasing trend.6 Substance abuse, therefore, is still a major public health problem and theres a need of more extensive awareness and rehabilitation programmes. 1.2. Problem statement Substance use poses a significant health, social and economic threat to families, communities and nations. The extent of worldwide psychoactive substance use, according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2002, is estimated at 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3 billion smokers and 185 million drug users. Similarly, there are 150 million adolescent tobacco users. In an initial estimate of factors responsible for the global burden of disease, tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs contributed together 12.4% of all deaths worldwide in the year 2000.8 [3] Tobacco alone contributes 8.8%, alcohol- 3.2% and illicit drugs-0.4% of all the death worldwide. Injecting drug use has been reported in 136 countries, of which 93 countries report HIV infection among this population. Tobacco is the largest burden in Europe and South-East Asia while alcohol poses the largest burden in Africa, the Americas, and Western Pacific. Worldwide alcohol causes 2.5 million deaths (3.8 % of total) and 69.4 million (4.5% of total) of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs).8 According to Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2006, one-third of men smoke cigarettes and two-fifth consumed other forms of tobacco, whereas 15% of women smoke cigarettes and 5% consumed other forms of tobacco.2 According to Non Communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey 2008 in Nepal, 37.1% were tobacco users. Of them, 26.2% (35.5% men and 15.9% women) were found to be currently smoking among which 23.8% were daily smokers. Mean age of the initiation of smoking was 18.8 years for men and 12.9 years for women. Similarly, 28.5% were found to be currently consuming alcoholic drinks wherein almost one and half times more men (39.3%) than the women counter parts (16.5%).9 The report published by United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC) showed that the younger the age of first use of illicit drugs, the higher the severity of drug problem later. The age of first experience with drugs has been falling in many regions of the world. Adolescent substance use is increasingly prevalent throughout the world.10 According to the Nepal Adolescent and Young Adult (NAYA) Survey 2000, about one-quarter of the young boys and one in ten girls have experienced smoking.11 Study conducted in Nepal by Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), New ERA and orc Macro, 2002 have revealed that 47.4% of the adolescents aged 15-19 has consumed alcohol. Study conducted among teenagers in seven districts of the country stated that more than one in ten teenagers admitted to taking drugs. Of these teenagers, 56% took drugs by smoking, a quarter by inhaling (26%) and 5.4% admitted to injecting drugs.11 [4] 1.3. Rationale Substance abuse has been a rising social, economic and public health problem and the hazards associated with it are undeniable. It is one of the forms of behavior most damaging to the health in the long term and is associated with other risky behavior such as engaging in unprotected sex which may result in HIV/AIDS.7 Adolescence period is the major age of initiation of substance abuse.6 Substance abuse among adolescents seems to be alarmingly pace around the world and Nepal is no exception. Though there are organizations working for adolescents, very fewer studies are conducted regarding this issue. Awareness programs are insufficient due to the scarce of information of the real scenario. Since majority of substance abuse among youths starts in the school, the school population is the best place for early detection and prevention of substance abuse in the adolescent population. As a result of lack of sufficient and reliable data from which generalization can be derived for Nepal, the re is a definite need for additional school surveys on substance abuse in the country. This study provides the base information on the use of various substances among school adolescents. It is intended to describe the magnitude of substance abuse among school children, the factor motivating them to abuse and knowledge and perception regarding substance abuse so that the possible intervention could be taken. 1.4. Objectives 1.4.1. General objective To find out the magnitude and associated factors of substance abuse among adolescent students in secondary schools of Vyas municipality, Tanahun. [5] 1.4.2. Specific objectives To identify the prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescent students of Vyas municipality. To determine the age of initiation of substance abuse. To find out the factors influencing the initiation of substance abuse. To explore the students desire for quitting abuse of substance. To determine the students knowledge and perception regarding substance abuse. To determine patterns of substance abuse in terms of sex and type of school. 1.5. Research questions What is the prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescent students? What is the knowledge and perception of adolescents towards substance abuse? Do sex and type of school influence the use of substance? 1.6. Variables 1.6.1. Dependent à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Substance abuse 1.6.2. Independent à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Age à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Sex à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Peer influence à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Availability à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Types of school à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ Knowledge and perception regarding substance abuse [6] 1.7. Conceptual framework Availability Substance abuse among school adolescents Age Sex Place Family History Type of school Peer influence Knowledge and Perception regarding substance abuse Types of substance Figure 1: Conceptual framework 1.8. Operational definitions Substance: Any psychoactive material which when consumed affects the way people feel, think, see, taste, smell, hear or behave. Cigarette, chewing tobacco, alcoholic products and drugs (drug tablets, cannabis, heroin, opium, glue/gum, tidigesic, tranquilizers) are included as a substance in this study. Substance abuse: Substance abuse is the non-medical use of substances in order to achieve alterations in psychological functioning. Use of any of the substances mentioned above for two or more times in a lifetime is included under substance abuse. Adolescent students: Secondary school students of grade 8, 9 10 of both community and institutional schools within the age of 10-19 years are considered adolescent students. School: Government-aided community schools and institutional schools are studied. [7] Knowledge level regarding harmful effects of substance abuse: Those who could list at least one or more harmful effects of substance abuse are considered as having â€Å"good knowledge† and those who couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸t list any are regarded as having â€Å"poor knowledge†. Perception towards substance abuse: The perception of the students was measured in 3 points scale: „agreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸, „disagreeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ and „canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸t sayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. Statements for measuring perceptions are: à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ One who abuses substance has more friends. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ One who abuses substance has negative image in the society. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ It is difficult to quit the substance after getting into it. [8] CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Substance abuse is rising public health as well as social problem throughout the world. It poses a significant threat to the health, social and economic foundation of families, communities and nations. It is one of the major preventable causes of death and disability. There are about 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3 billion smokers and 185 million drug users worldwide.8 Consumption of substances has increased all over the world and the age of initiation of substance abuse is progressively falling. There has been increase in social and economic factors which make young more vulnerable and likely to engage in drug use and drug-related risk-taking behavior.10 A study carried out on â€Å"Socio-Demographic Correlates of Psychoactive Substance Abuse among Secondary School Students in Enugu, Nigeria† showed that 33.7% of the adolescents were substance abusers. Alcohol was most commonly abused (31.6%). Prevalence of the cigarette smoking was 14.3%, inhalants 9%, tranquilizers 7.4% and ca nnabis 4.15%. Males consumed most psychoactive substances more frequently than the females. Cigarette and cannabis were the exclusive preserve of the males. Older students were more involved in multiple substance use compared to younger ones. Among the users, 75% of the respondents were using more than one substance whereas 24.8% used only one substance.4 In a study carried out on â€Å"Drug use among adolescents in Asturias (Spain)† among the school students, 29.1% were drug user among which 55% were male. The average age of initiation of drugs was 15.4 years for males and 15.5 years for females. Cannabis was the most frequent drug used ever i.e. 20.8% of the total respondents became involved with this drug at sometime of their lives. Tranquilizers was second (10.3%), followed by amphetamine-like substance (7.9%) and inhalants (2.3%). The mean age at first drug use was 15.4 years for males and 15.5 years for females.12 A study carried out on â€Å"Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent students in eastern India: Prevalence and associated risk factors† among 416 students of classes VIII, IX and X in rural and urban settings gave the prevalence of 6.14% and 0.6%. The mean age of initiation of substance abuse was 12.6 and 13.9 years among rural and urban students respectively. Tobacco followed by alcohol was most commonly used in both setting. Prevalence was higher in males. Use of a substance by family [9] members had a significant impact on its use by their children. Enjoyment and Curiosity were found to have the major influence in their decision to use a substance.13 Another study carried out on â€Å"Substance use among secondary school students in an urban setting in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors† revealed that the life time use prevalence rates of alcohol and tobacco were 9.25 and 5.2%. The commonest substance used by the students was caffeine (85.7%). In terms of gender, the prevalence rate for male was higher than for their female counterparts except for antibiotics, analgesics, heroin and cocaine. Major Reason for using substances included relief from stress- 43.5%. About three quarters of the respondents (70%) were unaware of problems or complications that could arise from substance use while 10.5% believed poor physical health could arise.14 Department of Narcotic Control in Bangladesh, in June 2008, reported about 5 million drug addicts in the country amo ng which young and adolescent population comprised 91%. Heroin is the most widely abused drug in Bangladesh.15 A study of adolescent smoking and drinking carried out among adolescent students in 2007 in Korea have shown that the prevalence of smoking was 29.2% while drinking was 48.2%. The mean age at the first instance of smoking and drinking was 13.8 and 14.1 years respectively. Among drinking adolescents, 30.1% were offered a drink by their parents, although most adolescents were encouraged to smoke or drink by their friends.16 The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) of school-going adolescents of class 8-10 conducted by WHO in the South-East Asia Region revealed that one in 10 school-going adolescents in Nepal use some form of tobacco. The smoking rate for girls was significantly lower than that for boys. Exposure to smoke was both at home and in public places. Despite a substantial proportion of adolescents using tobacco, a large proportion of current smokers wanted to stop smoking. Regular presence of smokers in the family and easy accessibility of tobacco products were the major contributing factors to the prevalence of the smoking habit among adolescents in Nepal. It was also observed that almost one in ten smoking students smoke at home, revealing that there is no parental pressure on them to stop.11 [10] United Nations International Childrens Fund (UNICEF) 2001 survey in Nepal reported that more than one in ten teenagers admitted to taking drugs. Of these, 56% took drugs by smoking, 26% by inhaling and 5% by the injecting route. Majority (76.7%) of the adolescents was introduced to the drugs by their friends and 12% started taking on their own while 7% were encouraged by their father and uncles.11 According to a study done in school students of Grade 8, 9 and 10 in Pokhara sub- metropolitan city, nearly half 47.1% of the students ever used tobacco products. One in seven (13.2%) were current users, one in four (22.7%) were experimental users and one in ten were the past users of any tobacco product. The mean age of initiating tobacco was about 13 years and nearly one fifth (18.9%) initiated before 10 years of age. Boys were more likely to use tobacco than girls and adolescents of institutional schools were more likely to use tobacco products as compared to community school students. R egarding the knowledge of students about tobacco use nearly one third (31%) of the adolescent students were having good knowledge and less than half (42.7%) were having some knowledge about the hazards of tobacco use. Significant proportions of the adolescents have wrong perceptions about the use of tobacco i.e.47% thought that tobacco users have more friends and 27.3% thought that tobacco users are more attractive.17 [11]

Kants Views on Humanity and Reason Essay -- Philosophy

Kant's Views on Humanity and Reason "One can regard the history of the human species, in the large, as the realization of a hidden plan of nature to bring about an internally, and for this purpose, also an externally perfect national constitution, as the sole state in which all of humanity's natural capacities can be developed (36)." Kant is explicit in his notion of human history: for him it is the development toward the telos, the end in which mankind finally exists in a state conducive to its proper development. Specifically, history entails a constant antagonism of man between his desire for total freedom and his need for society, between the necessity of a human master and the moral crisis it represents, and between one society and its neighbors. Personified as Nature, reason embodies the rational undercurrent of reality. Despite Kant's constant use of the feminine pronoun, Nature is not a deity; it represents the fabric of existence and is responsible not only for providing a driving purpose for mankind, but ensuring that the species is equipped to see the purpose ... Kant's Views on Humanity and Reason Essay -- Philosophy Kant's Views on Humanity and Reason "One can regard the history of the human species, in the large, as the realization of a hidden plan of nature to bring about an internally, and for this purpose, also an externally perfect national constitution, as the sole state in which all of humanity's natural capacities can be developed (36)." Kant is explicit in his notion of human history: for him it is the development toward the telos, the end in which mankind finally exists in a state conducive to its proper development. Specifically, history entails a constant antagonism of man between his desire for total freedom and his need for society, between the necessity of a human master and the moral crisis it represents, and between one society and its neighbors. Personified as Nature, reason embodies the rational undercurrent of reality. Despite Kant's constant use of the feminine pronoun, Nature is not a deity; it represents the fabric of existence and is responsible not only for providing a driving purpose for mankind, but ensuring that the species is equipped to see the purpose ...

Personal Accountability

PERSONAL ACCOUNTABILITY Being accountable for yourself is important due to the fact that if you do not know where you are supposed to be, you won’t be able to perform your job and perform it well. In the military you are only required to do three things; be at the right place, be there at the right time, and be in the right uniform. But as a military Police officer, you are also required one more thing to do, which is, check the DA Form 6 every day for changes.If you don’t check the DA Form 6, you won’t just be in the wrong place, you will also letting those around you down while you are late and having them wait on you. Also being accountable for yourself and letting others know where you are is important because if no body knows where you are and you get hurt or lost then it falls on your leadership that they aren’t doing their job. And you will be considered AWOL (absent with out leave) under article 86 in the UCMJ. Making changes on the DA Form 6 are n ot made on the lower level, but the higher chain of command can approve it.You will be in the wrong if you jump the chain of command, so that is when you let your team leader know so they can push it up. If you are unsure if your team leader pushed it up, or if the change had ever gotten approved, check multiple times until you are satisfied that the top is tracking the change. When the chain of command is unaware of the changes, it falls on the soldiers that wanted to make the change. And if no one is tracking it, and you conduct the change, then that is a direct violation of a direct order and can have UCMJ consequences.If one issue is that you cannot do it yourself, you can always ask your peers for help. There is no shame in accepting help from others who are willing to help. When you constantly show up late and are not at the appointed place of duty, you build yourself a negative legacy. People will eventually start seeing you as incompetent and that you won’t be able to perform any tasks you are given. In turn it could lower your moral and lower the moral of your peers.The trust of you being able to conduct your job is vital in the military and for the unity of the unit. Ways on helping with being accountable for youself are; checking and rechecking, showing up on time, not bein too afraid to ask for help. Writing down your schedule is another way to help. But the military isn’t for some people and its not easy to adapt with the lifestyle and the way of living that comes with the burden of being a soldier. So take this as my way of letting you know that you can go ahead and process the chapter paperwork.

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With a lot of people oh have to get used to your body changing with girls,progesterone, breast get bigger, getting their period and how to adapt to that, and also getting hair at places. With guys you getting hair in places you never had hair their before,like pubic area, under their arm pits, and legs and arums. Guys get a lot taller and more muscle, testosterone, estrogen. For some teens this is very embarrassing for them and might get picked on and be teased all the time, especially if they are growing more mainly or womanly faster than anyone else.Now that they are experiencing this they might also find out to be attractive to the opposite sex and this can be a challenge for them. .2 How and when is peer pressure harmful? Can it ever be helpful? Why? Peer pressure is harmful when you can reflect on yourself to teach you good things and encourage you to follow them. Like if you are with someone who is peer pressuring someone else you can see what not to do to someone. Or if you se e someone is studying in the library and tells you it's a good place to go to study now you feel the pressure to go and check it out yourself.I think It can be really helpful in ere pressure Just depending on what the situation is. As long as it nothing bad where you getting pressured on something you don't want to do,or you now is not right to do. Its good because someone can pressure you to do something good not bad. For example someone pressures you to go to a Job interview that you don't feel like you will get the Job, next thing you know you go because they pressed you to go and you get the Job. .3 What types of changes occur in the brain in late adulthood?The type of changes that occur in the brain in late adulthood are your brain effects he physical activity, their memory starts to forget things, day to day that they are used of doing for years,but the semantic memory improve more with the age but when they get to their ass is than start to decline again. It takes late adulth ood longer to process memory and they find ways like strategies to learn ways to remember things for them. Your brain in the late adulthood gets smaller in size Just because your brain takes in so much knowledge from over the years.The older you get your brain can get Alchemies disease and what that is you forget more and more each ay, you lose a lot of your brain functions during this diseases, this diseases is something that will be with you for the rest of your life until death informational. .4 Why is novel problem-solving particularly difficult in late adulthood? Novel problem-solving is particularly difficult in late adulthood because you brain are slowly losing there functions. So when your viewing a problem-solving it in late adulthood you tend to forget things all the time the older you get.When trying to solve those type of thing you brain might forget what you where trying to solve that robber in the first place. For example like the Alchemies diseases you tend to forget things and your brain is pretty much slowly going to Just shut done and that's it. Novel problem-solving part in your brain Just deteriorates when you get older. When your older with this too you lose things like vision, attention and motor memory which is not good when you get elderly, sometimes and a lot of older people don't even realize it or want to believe it when It happens to them. This tends to be a problem-solving for the elderly.

Terrorism in Political Protest

Terrorism in Political Protest Terrorism can be defined as a premeditated, politically motivated violence directed against noncombatant targets, by sub-national groups to achieve political, economic or religious ends.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Political Protest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International terrorism can be considered as the one which involves citizens or a territory of more than one country (Cottle 34). In many instances, the aims of terrorists are similar to those of political groups whose views have to be dominant over those of their opponents. Terrorism is used to achieve progress within a short time than the pace in their current political atmosphere. It can also be said that terrorism is a more advanced stage of failed political process that starts with inequities and injustice. It moves from frustrated attempts of reform that breeds fear and temper, to confrontations related to politics that erupts in vio lence. They can be used to rationalize the use of any type of violence against any target (Sanders 95). Flashpoint (para.3) states that there are several forms of terrorism in existence. In urbanized countries, the traditional guerrilla warfare is mostly not appropriate. The reason behind is that rebels when attacked by superior forces cannot achieve and get hold of control over territory. In addition, they can not manage employing hit and run attacks effectively without having large losses. This resulted to formation of a new doctrine known as the urban guerrilla warfare which used terrorist tactics. In the 1990s a new form of international terrorism was formed. The group appeared to be less rational, not focused, deadly, and more international. This form of terrorism was known as Islamist Terrorism (Flashpoint para.4). An example of a recent terrorism attack is the one that happened in Southeast Asia in the year 2005. Since September 2001, the Australian prime minister had drawn s ignificant political progress. The political progress was a result of well-worn clichà © that changed the world on that tragic day (Club De Madrid para4). Force was needed to do away with the growing frustrations in politics, existential temper, and logistic ability for the hijackers to plan and implement the plots that had been evident for long. This was growing incrementally to anyone who was prepared to listen to the voices ignored from official avenues of political authority. The modern international politics took very little attention on the marginal voices (Club De Madrid para.8).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Australia’s commitment to Southeast Asia rose up to governmental level since 1970s. Even after the rise, contacts were only confined to the elites. Out of fearing antagonizing authoritarian regimes, Australian governments and diplomats cut thei r relationships with groups and individuals who were not from their regional political establishments (Club De Madrid, para.9). Taking advantage from the observations, a wider set of affairs which constituted formal and informal voices from the opposition reduced the distress which was as a result of attacks by terrorist in Bali after 11th September 2001. Club De Madrid asserts that the of effects of the attacks on September 11, and attacks at Bali which left many people dead was the beginning of a deep feeling of insecurity within Australian society (para.12). The conservative government of Howard preyed on public confusion that was caused by attacks on September 11 and the attacks at Bali. Their intention was to demonize seekers of asylums who came to Australia from Muslim countries (Club De Madrid, para.13). Club De Madrid. Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Australia as part of the problem. 22nd Feb 2005. Web.13th Mar 2011. Cottle, Sarah. Reporting demonstrations and protest: public spheres, public screens, in: mediatized conflict: developments in media and conflict studies. Berkishire: Open University Press, 2006. Print. Flashpoints. ‘Terrorism political violence: Guide to world conflicts. N. d. Web.13th Feb 2011.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism in Political Protest specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sanders, Karen. communication in opposition, protest and violence, in: communicating politics in the twenty-first century. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire, 2009. Print.

Facts About the Ocean As a Marine Life Habitat

Facts About the Ocean As a Marine Life Habitat Within the worlds oceans, there are many different marine habitats. But what about the ocean as a whole? Here you can learn facts about the ocean, how many oceans there are and why theyre important. Basic Facts About the Ocean From space, Earth has been described as a blue marble. Know why? Because most of the Earth is covered by ocean. In fact, almost three-quarters (71%, or 140 million square miles) of the Earth is an ocean. With such an enormous area, theres no argument that healthy oceans are vital to a healthy planet. The ocean is not divided evenly between the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemispheres. The Northern Hemisphere contains more land than the ocean- 39% land versus the 19% land in the Southern Hemisphere. How Did the Ocean Form? Of course, the ocean dates back long before any of us, so nobody knows for sure how the ocean originated, but it is thought that it came from water vapor present in the Earth. As the Earth cooled, this water vapor eventually evaporated, formed clouds and caused rain. Over a long time, the rain poured into low spots on the Earths surface, creating the first oceans. As the water ran off the land, it captured minerals, including salts, which formed salt water. The Importance of the Ocean What does the ocean do for us? There are many ways the ocean is important, some more obvious than others. The ocean: Provides food.Provides oxygen through the photosynthesis of tiny plant-like organisms called phytoplankton. These organisms provide an estimated 50-85% of the oxygen we breathe and also have the ability to store excess carbon.Regulates climate.Is a source of important products such as medicines, and things that we use in food such as thickeners and stabilizers (which may be made from marine algae).Provides recreational opportunities.Contains natural resources such as natural gas and oil.Provide highways for transportation and trade. More than 98% of U.S. foreign trade occurs via the ocean. How Many Oceans Are There? The salt water on the Earth is sometimes just referred to as the ocean, because really, all of the worlds oceans are connected. There are currents, winds, tides, and waves that circulate water around this world ocean constantly. But to make geography a bit easier, the oceans have been divided and named. Below are the oceans, from largest to smallest. Click here for more details on each of the oceans. Pacific Ocean: The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean and the largest single geographic feature on Earth. It is bound by the western coast of North and South America to the east, the coasts of Asia, and Australia to the west, and the more newly-designated (2000) the Southern Ocean to the south.Atlantic Ocean: The Atlantic Ocean is smaller and shallower than the Pacific Ocean and is bound by North and South America to the west, Europe, and Africa to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north and the Southern Ocean to the south.Indian Ocean: The Indian Ocean is the third-largest ocean. It is bound by Africa to the west, Asia and Australia to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south.Southern, or Antarctic, Ocean: The Southern Ocean was designated from parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans in 2000 by the International Hydrographic Organization. This is the fourth largest ocean and surrounds Antarctica. It is bounded on the north by parts of South America, Africa, and Austral ia. Arctic Ocean: The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean. It lies mostly north of the Arctic Circle and is bounded by Europe, Asia, and North America. What Is Sea Water Like? Sea water might be less salty than youd imagine. Salinity (the salt content) of the sea differs across different areas of the ocean, but on average is have about 35 parts per thousand (about 3.5 % salt in salt water). To recreate the salinity in a glass of water, youd need to put about a teaspoon of table salt into a glass of water. The salt in sea water is different from table salt, though. Our table salt is made up of the elements sodium and chlorine, but the salt in sea water contains more than 100 elements, including magnesium, potassium, and calcium. Water temperatures in the ocean can vary greatly, from about 28-86 F. Ocean Zones When learning about marine life and their habitats, youll learn that different marine life may live in different ocean zones. Two major zones include: Pelagic Zone, considered the open ocean.Benthic zone, which is the ocean bottom. The ocean is also divided into zones according to how much sunlight they receive. There is the euphotic zone, which receives enough light to permit photosynthesis. The disphotic zone, where there is just a small amount of light, and also the aphotic zone, which has no light at all. Some animals, like whales, sea turtles and fish may occupy several zones throughout their lives or in different seasons. Other animals, like sessile barnacles, may stay in one zone for most of their lives. Major Habitats in the Ocean Habitats in the ocean range from warm, shallow, light-filled waters to deep, dark, cold areas. Major habitats include: Intertidal Zone, where land and sea meet. This is an area subject to great challenges for its marine life, as it is covered with water at high tide and water is largely absent at low tide. Therefore, its marine life must adapt to sometimes great changes in temperature, salinity, and moisture throughout the day.Mangroves: Mangroves are another salt water habitat along the coast. These areas are covered by salt-tolerant mangrove trees and are important nursery areas for a variety of marine life.Seagrasses, or seagrass beds: Seagrasses are flowering plants and live in a marine or brackish environment, usually in protected areas such as bays, lagoons, and estuaries. Seagrasses are another important habitat to a number of organisms and provide nursery areas for tiny marine life.Reefs: Coral reefs are often described as the rainforest of the sea because of their great biodiversity. The majority of coral reefs are found in warm tropical and sub-tropical areas, although deep-water corals do exist in some colder habitats. Pelagic Zone: The pelagic zone, also described above, is where some of the biggest marine life, including cetaceans and sharks, are found.Reefs: Coral reefs are often referred to as the rainforests of the sea because of their great diversity. Although reefs are most often found in warm, shallow tropical and sub-tropical waters, there are also deep-water corals that live in cold water. One of the most well-known coral reefs is the Great Barrier Reef off Australia.The Deep Sea: Although these cold, deep and dark areas of the ocean may appear inhospitable, scientists are realizing that they support a wide variety of marine life. These are also important areas to study, as 80% of the ocean consists of waters greater than 1,000 meters in depth.Hydrothermal Vents: While they are located in the deep sea, hydrothermal vents provide a unique, mineral-rich habitat for hundreds of species, including bacteria-like organisms called archaea that turn chemicals from the vents into energy using a pr ocess called chemosynthesis, and other animals such as tubeworms, clams, mussels, crabs, and shrimp. Kelp Forests: Kelp forests are found in cold, productive, and relatively shallow waters. These underwater forests include an abundance of brown algae called kelp. These giant plants provide food and shelter for a variety of marine life. In the U.S., the kelp forests that may most readily come to mind are those off  of the west coast of the U.S. (e.g., California).Polar Regions: Polar habitats are areas near the Earths poles, with the Arctic in the north and the Antarctic to the south. These areas are cold, windy and have wide fluctuations in daylight throughout the year. While these areas seem uninhabitable for humans, marine life thrives there, with many migratory animals traveling to these areas to feed on abundant krill and other prey. They are also home to iconic marine animals such as polar bears  (in the Arctic) and penguins (in the Antarctic). Polar regions have been subject to increasing attention due to concerns about climate change- as it is in these areas where a warmi ng of Earths temperatures would likely be most detectable and significant. Sources CIA - The World Factbook.Coulombe, D.A. 1984. The Seaside Naturalist. Simon Schuster: New York.National Marine Sanctuaries. 2007. Ecosystems: Kelp Forests.WHOI. Polar Discovery. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.Tarbuck, E.J., Lutgens, F.K. and Tasa, D. Earth Science, Twelfth Edition. 2009. Pearson Prentice Hall: New Jersey.